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Analysis-Political and banking deadlock may plunge Lebanon deeper into crisis

By Timour Azhari and Maya Gebeily BEIRUT (Reuters) - Lebanon's untamed financial crisis is gathering new menace as it heads into a fourth year, with political paralysis dampening...
Analysis-Political and banking deadlock may plunge Lebanon deeper into crisis © Reuters. FILE PHOTO: A plane flies as the skyline of Beirut is seen during sunset from Antelias, Lebanon November 20, 2019. REUTERS/Andres Martinez Casares

By Timour Azhari and Maya Gebeily

BEIRUT (Reuters) - Lebanon's untamed financial crisis is gathering new menace as it heads into a fourth year, with political paralysis dampening hope of reforms that could unlock foreign support and stave off social turmoil, according to analysts, lawmakers and former officials.

The emergency gripping the small country squeezed between Syria and Israel could snowball in the autumn if political rifts deprive the state of an executive authority to enact reforms or agree a deal with the IMF and donor countries, they said.

In April, Lebanon agreed $3 billion in financing with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) conditional on key measures to tackle its financial crunch, which descended into full-blown crisis in October 2019. In May, reform-minded candidates scored significantly in parliamentary elections and the outgoing cabinet passed a new financial recovery plan.

But those developments have since been overshadowed by political gridlock and opposition to the plan from the banking sector, suggesting that one of the world's worst financial meltdowns could drag on even longer.

"My view is that as long as the political governance doesn't change, nothing will happen," said Henri Chaoul, a former member of Lebanon's IMF negotiations team who resigned in 2020 when the then-government's plan was undone.

Najib Mikati, the caretaker premier also tasked with forming a new government, faces an uphill battle to cobble together a cabinet that can win the approval of the outgoing president and of a hung parliament.

Cabinet formation is already typically a months-long process in Lebanon but could drag even more as parties try to secure influence in the event that the presidency remains vacant following the end of Michel Aoun's term in October.

If divisions prevent a cabinet from being formed and a presidential successor being named by then, Lebanon risks floating rudderless into uncharted territory – with no executive authority empowered to push reforms or eventually ink a final deal with the IMF and donors.

The economy is sinking fast: the currency has crashed more than 90% and about 80% of Lebanon's inhabitants now live below the poverty line.

ROW OVER DISTRIBUTING LOSSES

The summer influx of tourists and Lebanese expatriates bringing in badly-needed hard currency will do little to resolve the core of the crisis, which centres on a $70 billion hole in the financial system - more than three times the country's entire yearly economic output.

The former parliament did not pass the 2022 state budget, a much-debated capital controls law or a reformed banking secrecy law.

Many had pinned hopes on first-time lawmakers to kickstart a parliamentary push for reforms, but six weeks since the election the body has yet to hold a general session.

Members of the finance committee say they only received a copy of the government's financial recovery plan – agreed in mid-May – earlier this week. Major blocs say that plan must be revisited altogether.

Critics fear a re-run of a scenario from 2020, when a government rescue plan was torpedoed by Lebanon's parliament and the powerful commercial banking sector.

The main division over the plan, then and now, remains how to distribute the losses. Lebanon's government says banks and their shareholders should be first in line to cover losses – a bail-in – while the banks say the state should leverage its assets to pay back depositors in a bail-out.

Lebanon's banking association says it backs an IMF deal even as it opposes the fundamental way the lender and the government want to attribute losses.

That dispute could derail a final IMF programme, Lebanon's caretaker economy minister has told Reuters.

The IMF has insisted the zombie banking sector be restructured to allow the economy to recover – but work on that has yet to begin.

INFLATION DANGER

This year's plan has also faced opposition from powerful Shi'ite armed group Hezbollah, which says it must be revised. Its ally Amal, led by speaker of parliament Nabih Berri, has also called for all deposits to be preserved - an impossible scenario, analysts say, due to the scale of the crisis.

Government critics say the continuing stagnation is intended to push Lebanese citizens needing hard currency to withdraw their dollar deposits from banks in local currency at huge losses in a process known as "lirafication."

Those withdrawals are slowly shrinking the total amount in dollars that banks would owe to depositors in the event a financial recovery plan is ever implemented.

If that policy carries on and the government tries to appease the population by increasing benefits and salaries for the relatively large public sector, Lebanon could spiral into runaway inflation.

"With no new revenues, increasing salaries and benefits such as transport allowance will take the country into hyperinflation," Nasser Saidi, an economist and former vice-governor at Lebanon's central bank, told Reuters.

There is little time and few valuable dollars to waste. Spending on subsidies and cash injections to prop up the Lebanese pound has sapped the country's FX reserves from more than $30 billion in 2019 to $11 billion today, according to the central bank governor.

Opposition MP Ibrahim Mneimneh, a member of the finance and budget committee and long-time political activist, decried the piecemeal approach.

Given the logjam, he told Reuters, "we might have to ask people to come down into the street."

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28-03-2024 18:46:11 (UTC+7)

EUR/USD

1.0789

-0.0037 (-0.34%)

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EUR/USD

1.0789

-0.0037 (-0.34%)

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GBP/USD

1.2619

-0.0019 (-0.15%)

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USD/JPY

151.38

+0.06 (+0.04%)

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Neutral

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AUD/USD

0.6492

-0.0041 (-0.63%)

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USD/CAD

1.3589

+0.0022 (+0.16%)

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EUR/JPY

163.28

-0.47 (-0.29%)

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EUR/CHF

0.9771

-0.0015 (-0.15%)

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Neutral

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Gold Futures

2,229.45

+16.75 (+0.76%)

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Neutral

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Silver Futures

24.642

-0.110 (-0.44%)

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Copper Futures

3.9953

-0.0047 (-0.12%)

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Sell

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Crude Oil WTI Futures

82.43

+1.08 (+1.33%)

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Brent Oil Futures

86.32

+0.91 (+1.07%)

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Natural Gas Futures

1.700

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US Coffee C Futures

187.90

-2.75 (-1.44%)

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Euro Stoxx 50

5,086.85

+5.11 (+0.10%)

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↑ Sell

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S&P 500

5,248.49

+44.91 (+0.86%)

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↑ Buy

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DAX

18,479.35

+4.29 (+0.02%)

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↑ Sell

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FTSE 100

7,948.68

+16.70 (+0.21%)

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Sell

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Hang Seng

16,541.42

+148.58 (+0.91%)

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Neutral

Moving Avg:

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Sell (12)

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Buy (3)

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US Small Cap 2000

2,114.35

+44.19 (+2.13%)

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↑ Buy

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Buy (12)

Sell (0)

Indicators:

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IBEX 35

11,087.80

-23.50 (-0.21%)

Summary

↑ Sell

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Buy (3)

Sell (9)

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Sell (8)

BASF SE NA O.N.

52.925

-0.325 (-0.61%)

Summary

↑ Sell

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Bayer AG NA

28.45

+0.03 (+0.11%)

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↑ Sell

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Allianz SE VNA O.N.

276.57

-0.88 (-0.32%)

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Adidas AG

206.35

+1.65 (+0.81%)

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Deutsche Lufthansa AG

7.273

+0.096 (+1.34%)

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Siemens AG Class N

176.94

+0.02 (+0.01%)

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Deutsche Bank AG

14.648

+0.036 (+0.25%)

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Sell (8)

 EUR/USD1.0789↑ Sell
 GBP/USD1.2619↑ Sell
 USD/JPY151.38Neutral
 AUD/USD0.6492↑ Sell
 USD/CAD1.3589↑ Sell
 EUR/JPY163.28↑ Sell
 EUR/CHF0.9771Neutral
 Gold2,229.45Neutral
 Silver24.642↑ Sell
 Copper3.9953Sell
 Crude Oil WTI82.43Sell
 Brent Oil86.32↑ Sell
 Natural Gas1.700↑ Buy
 US Coffee C187.90↑ Sell
 Euro Stoxx 505,086.85↑ Sell
 S&P 5005,248.49↑ Buy
 DAX18,479.35↑ Sell
 FTSE 1007,948.68Sell
 Hang Seng16,541.42Neutral
 Small Cap 20002,114.35↑ Buy
 IBEX 3511,087.80↑ Sell
 BASF52.925↑ Sell
 Bayer28.45↑ Sell
 Allianz276.57↑ Sell
 Adidas206.35↑ Sell
 Lufthansa7.273↑ Sell
 Siemens AG176.94↑ Sell
 Deutsche Bank AG14.648↑ Sell
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# So hôm qua # Chênh TG
SJC Eximbank7,880/ 8,050
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SJC HCM7,900/ 8,100
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Cập nhật 28-03-2024 18:46:13
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KRW15,8419,20
Cập nhật lúc 18:45:17 28/03/2024
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